سعر هالوثان-المتحدون استنشاق 100 مل 2023

Halothane liquid for inhalation (Al Mottahedoon Pharma), 100 ml bottle: a volatile halogenated inhalational general anaesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia, given via a halothane-specific vaporiser.

• Induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in adults and children; use in paediatric dental anaesthesia restricted to hospitals.Population: Adults and childrenEthiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)

• Hepatic necrosis ("halothane hepatitis", rare, sometimes fatal, more frequent after repeated exposure), sometimes with eosinophilia; fulminant hepatic failure and acute toxic hepatitis reported post-marketing.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• Cardiac arrhythmias are very common (ventricular arrhythmias more frequent than with other volatile agents; cardiac arrest reported), plus respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, skeletal muscle relaxation, postoperative nausea, vomiting and shivering, renal failure and occasional malignant hyperpyrexia.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)

• History of unexplained jaundice or pyrexia after a previous exposure to halothane (absolute contraindication to future use).International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• Known or suspected genetic predisposition to malignant hyperpyrexia.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• Children under 18 years undergoing dental procedures outside hospital.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)

• Hepatotoxicity: minor aminotransferase rises occur in up to 30% of patients; severe hepatic necrosis ("halothane hepatitis") is rare but can be fatal and is more likely after repeated exposure. Take a careful anaesthetic history, avoid re-exposure within 3 months unless there are overriding reasons, and record any reaction. Other risk factors include female sex, obesity, middle age and drug allergy history.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• Malignant hyperpyrexia may be triggered, more often when halothane is given with suxamethonium; treatment includes stopping triggering agents, dantrolene and supportive therapy.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• Dose-dependent hypotension and bradycardia commonly occur; an anticholinergic before induction or during maintenance should be considered where vagal tone is likely to predominate.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)

• Adrenaline, most other sympathomimetics (e.g., methylphenidate), theophylline and dopaminergics (e.g., levodopa)Increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias; also increased risk of hypertension with methylphenidate.Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• SuxamethoniumConcurrent use not advisable because of the increased possibility of malignant hyperpyrexia.Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• Non-depolarising muscle relaxants (gallamine, D-tubocurarine)Halothane potentiates their action; doses must be reduced. D-tubocurarine with halothane may cause a marked fall in blood pressure.Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)

• Animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity. Halothane reduces uterine muscle tone and is generally not recommended in obstetrics because of the increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage; it diffuses across the placenta.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)
• Traces of halothane have been detected in breast milk; breastfeeding should be withheld for 24 hours after halothane anaesthesia.International label, equivalent formulation · Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA)

• Halothane: Volatile inhalational anaesthetic; the SmPC describes vasodilatation, bradycardia and hypotension as its pharmacodynamic effects (molecular mechanism not detailed in the source).